The Distant Early Warning (DEW) Line: A Father’s Day Photo Story

U.S. Air Force map of Distant Early Warning (DEW) Line locations around the Arctic Circle.
The DEW Line served as an early warning system for the United States and Canada to detect and verify the approach of aircraft or missiles from the Soviet Union. The project directly supported the Strategic Air Command and reached operational status in 1957. Source: Encyclopedia Britannica. Photo credit: U.S. Air Force.

(Published June 19, 2023) – I was always proud of my dad and his dedication to work. He died rather suddenly when I was eleven, and I’ve spent a lifetime searching through his old work documents and photos to know him better and to learn more about his career choices. I discovered he was once a radio operator, Presidential support staffer, and radar builder.

In many ways, I followed in his footsteps first obtaining my radio operator license, and later supporting Presidential summits. So, it was no surprise to my family when I jumped at the chance to provide technical communication services to the radar acquisition and sustainment office at the Federal Aviation Administration. That is my current contract assignment and I feel I’ve come full circle. I’m happy to carry on a family tradition of shared interests, U.S. mission support, and work dedication.

In honor of Father’s Day, please see the photo story of my father’s early career in 1956-1957, building the Distant Early Warning (DEW) Line, a monumental radar project that spanned more than 3,000 miles from northwestern Alaska to eastern Baffin Island, Canada. My father was one of the 7,500 workers who assisted with this post-WWII effort by the United States and Canada to prevent another Pearl Harbor and to ensure the two countries would be protected from a similar attack over the Arctic Circle. Also know by code name, “White Alice,” the DEW Line later became the North Warning System and then part of the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD).

Photo of a booklet that Western Electric presented to each DEW Line worker. The booklet shows a graphic of a sub-station in the Arctic and the words The DEW Line Story on the cover.
My father, Robert W. Collins, Sr., worked for Western Electric, the U.S. subsidiary of AT&T. The company presented personalized booklets to each worker after the completion of the DEW Line. Western Electric took responsibility for the electronic systems used by the allied personnel, and Bell Laboratories designed the equipment and conducted the final acceptance tests. Raytheon designed and built the long-range radar systems. Source: National Geospatial Agency (NGA.mil).
Photo credit: Collins Family Archives.
Photo of DEW Line worker Robert W. Collins, Sr. on left, standing with other co-workers outside in harsh conditions in the Arctic.
My father, Robert W. Collins, Sr., (left) in 1956 with unknown co-workers. It took as many as 25,000 people with all sorts of technical and construction specialties to fashion the finished product [in the 1960s], 21 stations along a transcontinental ring extending for 3,693 miles. Source: National Geospatial Agency (NGA.mil).
Photo credit: Collins Family Archive.
Photo of two separate radar dishes and one radome.
Building 10, dome and dishes, Bullen Point, Prudhoe Bay, North Slope Borough, AK.
In addition to providing aircraft detection, the DEW Line mission also provided communications support for other agencies and weather advisory.
Source: U.S. Air Force
Photo credit: Library of Congress.
Photo of a radar ladder showing deep snow and ice in the Arctic.
Also known by code name “Project 572,” DEW Line construction work included building housing, air strips, hangars, antennas and towers. In all, over 7,000 bulldozer operators, carpenters, masons, plumbers, welders, riggers, electricians and other tradesmen from the United States and Canada worked at breakneck speed under conditions so difficult it is a wonder the job was completed in such a short time. Source: University of Calgary Dew Line Bibliography and Documentary List https://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/aina/dewlinebib.pdf.
Photo credit: Collins Family Archive.
Photo of tire tracks in deep mud going through Quonset hut camp for DEW Line workers.
Deep tire tracks go through worker’s camp. Living conditions were harsh. In a 1956 letter to my mom, my dad described his camp. “It took over two hours to get from the airstrip to the camp. That’s two miles and all mud. I’m staying in a [Quonset] hut with a guy from Ohio, two from Alabama, and one from Toronto. There is no sidewalk or anything, just mud and the bathroom is outside.”
Photo credit: Collins Family Archive.
Photo of radome and radar under construction in Arctic.
Early radar construction. Location unknown.
Photo credit: Collins Family Archive.
Photo of two radars, completed construction. Location unknown. Photo credit: Collins Family Archive.
Later completed radar construction. Location unknown.
Photo credit: Collins Family Archive.

Dear Bob, I thought you would be interested to know that we are within days of the successful completion of the construction phase of the entire DEW Line. It is a big thrill to pick up a phone on the Baffin Coast and dial through to [each site] or even into Alaska. It’s also much more relaxing to fly when you know somebody is on the watch to warn the pilot if he is headed for a cloud full of rocks. Not only is the job about done, but it works.

There is no doubt in my mind that these achievements could not be counted today if it had not been for our Western Electric field force. Your participation and contribution to this job is well recognized as a component of a great Bell System team effort. You can be truly proud of your personal contribution to this project. Let me say ‘thanks for a real fine job.'”

Mark S. Cheever
Superintendent, Construction
Western Electric Company
Defense Projects Division
July 10, 1957 Letter Upon the Completion of the Project

Today, the old DEW Line is largely obsolete with many of the old radar sites abandoned or dismantled, but it still remains an engineering marvel and significant personal accomplishment for thousands of dedicated workers, including one very special to me.

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